COUPLED 2025

LES Study of a Variable Density Jet Subjected to Axial and Radial Velocity Excitations

  • Wawrzak, Karol (Czestochowa University of Tehnology)
  • Wawrzak, Agnieszka (Czestochowa University of Tehnology)
  • Tyliszczak, Artur (Czestochowa University of Tehnology)

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Jet flows are utilized in a variety of technical devices, ranging from everyday tools such as atomizers and sprinklers to medical applications like nasal sprays, throat sprays, and injectors, as well as engineering systems including engines, heat exchangers, and combustion chambers. Research focused on controlling these flows is both fundamentally significant and practically beneficial, often leading to enhanced performance. Flow control methods are generally divided into two categories: passive and active. Active methods are notably more versatile, as they can be easily adapted to diverse flow regimes. They involve energy input, which can either be fixed (predetermined approach) or vary based on the instantaneous flow behavior (interactive approach). In this study, we apply a specially designed excitation combining the axial and radial velocity components, ua(t) = Aa sin(2π fa t) and ur(t) = Ar cos(θ − 2π fr t)g(r), where t denotes time and θ represents the azimuthal coordinate. The symbols Aa, Ar are the excitation amplitudes, fa, fr stand for the excitation frequencies and g(r) is the masking function. Provided that Aa and Ar exceed the amplitude of natural turbulent fluctuations, a key parameter determining the flow dynamics is the ratio of the excitation frequencies, R = fa/fr. When R = 2, the main jet stream splits into two bifurcating branches [1]. When 2 < R < 3 the jet divides into stationary or pseudo-rotating curved arms. So far, this spectacular splitting has been shown to occur only for constant-density jets. In this study, we verify whether it can be induced in variable-density jets and how the applied excitation changes their characteristics (jet shape, temperature and velocity distribution, entrainment, mixing efficiency). We consider a cold jet evolving in a hot co-flow at two Reynolds numbers (Re = 3000 and Re = 15000). The analysed configuration reflects a typical situation taking place in a combustion chamber where a cold fuel stream is injected into a hot surrounding. The research is performed by applying the large eddy simulation (LES) method and a high-order in-house solver [2]. REFERENCES [1] Tyliszczak, A.; Geurts, B.J. Parametric analysis of excited round jets - Numerical study. Flow Turbulence and Combustion, 2014, 93, 221–247. [2] Tyliszczak, A., High-order compact difference algorithm on half-staggered meshes for low Mach number flows. Computers & Fluids, 2016, 127, 131–145.