Flows Generated by Jellyfish with Prominent Oral Arms
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Our study simulates the blue blubber jellyfish, Catostylus mosaicus, using a three-dimensional model based on the immersed boundary method, focusing on its unique swimming mechanics and the energetics of its oral arms. These arms, rarely included in jellyfish simulations, are key in understanding the species’ feeding and mixing processes, which are vital for both individual survival and broader ecosystem dynamics. This approach draws parallels with recent studies on Mastigias sp., emphasizing Darwin's mechanisms of biogenic mixing. Our model, validated against empirical data, reveals insights into the swimming kinematics and vortex structures of C. mosaicus, offering a novel perspective on the ecological role of jellyfish movements.